Reply to Michael Mann

Reply to Christopher M . Jones and Michael Niederweis

Neighbourhood effects and the real world beyond randomized community trials: a reply to Michael J Oakes.

We appreciate the positive opinion of Michael J Oakes 1 on our article 2 and his recognition of the contribution of our research group to the field of contextual epidemiology. We also understand that Oakes’ critics are not specifically directed at our publication but express a general concern on the use of observational approaches in research on neighbourhood and health. In the absence of rando...

The Authors’ Reply

Replies to Michael Kremer

First, is existence really not essential by my definition? My answer is that it is neither universally essential, nor universally non-essential, and not by the definition Michael considers. The reason for this answer is that the definition Michael considers does not express the sense in which I claim (as I believe, together with Aquinas) that ‘exists’ is not an essential predicate of creatures,...

The Equivalence between Mann and Implicit Mann Iterations

We shall prove the equivalence bewteen the convergences of Mann and implicit Mann iterations dealing with various classes of non-Lipschitzian operators.